PC87309VLJ datasheet(37/192 Pages) NSC

37 / 192 page

The Floppy Disk Controller (FDC) (Logical Device 0)

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3.2.5

Write Precompensation

Write precompensation enables the WDATA output signal

to adjust for the effects of bit shift on the data as it is written

to the disk surface.

Bit shift is caused by the magnetic interaction of data bits as

they are written to the disk surface. It shifts these data bits

away from their nominal position in the serial MFM data pat-

tern. Bit shift makes it much harder for a data separator to

read data and can cause soft read errors.

Write precompensation predicts where bit shift could occur

within a data pattern. It then shifts the individual data bits

early, late, or not at all so that when they are written to the

disk, the shifted data bits are back in their nominal position.

The FDC supports software programmable write precom-

pensation. Upon power up, the default write precompensa-

tion values shown in TABLE 3-7 on page 43, are used. In

addition, the default starting track number for write precom-

pensation is track zero

You can use the DSR to change the write precompensation

using any of the values in TABLE 3-6 on page 43. Also, the

CONFIGURE command can change the starting track num-

ber for write precompensation.

3.2.6

FDC Low-Power Mode Logic

The FDC of the PC87309 supports two low-power modes,

manual and automatic.

In low-power mode, the micro-code is driven from the clock.

Therefore, it is disabled while the clock is off. Upon entering

the power-down state, bit 7, the RQM (Request For Master)

bit, in the Main Status Register (MSR) of the FDC is cleared

to 0.

For details about entering and exiting low-power mode by

setting bit 6 of the Data rate Select Register (DSR) or by ex-

ecuting the LOW PWR option of the FDC MODE command,

see Recovery from Low-Power Mode later in this section,

Section 3.3.6 on page 43 and Section 3.7.7 on page 60.

The DSR, Digital Output Register (DOR), and the Configu-

ration Control Register (CCR) are unaffected and remain

active in power-down mode. Therefore, you should make

sure that the motor and drive select signals are turned off.

If the power to an external clock driving the PC87309 will be

independently removed while the FDC is in power-down

mode, it must not be done until 2 msec after the LOW PWR

option of the FDC MODE command is issued.

Manual Low-Power Mode

Manual low power is enabled by writing a 1 to bit 6 of the

DSR. The chip will power down immediately. This bit will be

cleared to 0 after power up.

Manual low power can also be triggered by the MODE com-

mand. Manual low power mode functions as a logical OR

function between the DSR low power bit and the LOW PWR

option of the MODE command.

Automatic Low-Power Mode

Automatic low-power mode switches the controller to low

power 500 msec (at the 500 Kbps MFM data rate) after it

has entered the Idle state. Once automatic low-power mode

is set, it does not have to be set again, and the controller au-

tomatically goes into low-power mode after entering the Idle

state.

Automatic low-power mode can only be set with the LOW

PWR option of the MODE command.

Recovery from Low-Power Mode

There are two ways the FDC section can recover from the

power-down state.

Power up is triggered by a software reset via the DOR or

DSR. Since a software reset requires initialization of the

controller, this method might be undesirable.

Power up is also triggered by a read or write to either the

Data Register (FIFO) or Main Status Register (MSR). This

is the preferred way to power up since all internal register

values are retained. It may take a few milliseconds for the

clock to stabilize, and the microprocessor will be prevented

from issuing commands during this time through the normal

MSR protocol. That means that bit 7, the Request for Mas-

ter (RQM) bit, in the MSR will be a 0 until the clock has sta-

bilized. When the controller has completely stabilized after

power up, the RQM bit in the MSR is set to 1 and the con-

troller can continue where it left off.

3.2.7

Reset

The FDC can be reset by hardware or software.

A hardware reset consists of pulsing the Master Reset (MR)

input signal. A hardware reset sets all of the user address-

able registers and internal registers to their default values.

The SPECIFY command values are unaffected by reset, so

they must be initialized again.

The major default conditions affected by reset are:

FIFO disabled

DMA disabled

Implied seeks disabled

Drive polling enabled

A software reset can be triggered by bit 2 of the Digital Out-

put Register (DOR) or bit 7 of the Data rate Select Register

(DSR). Bit 7 of DSR clears itself, while bit 2 of DOR does

not clear itself.

If the LOCK bit in the LOCK command was set to 1 before

the software reset, the FIFO, THRESH, and PRETRK pa-

rameters in the CONFIGURE command will be retained. In

addition, the FWR, FRD, and BST parameters in the MODE

command will be retained if LOCK is set to 1. This function

eliminates the need for total initialization of the controller af-

ter a software reset.

After a hardware (assuming the FDC is enabled in the FER)

or software reset, the Main Status Register (MSR) is imme-

diately available for read access by the microprocessor. It

will return a 00h value until all the internal registers have

been updated and the data separator is stabilized.

When the controller is ready to receive a command byte, the

MSR returns a value of 80h (Request for Master (RQM, bit

7) bit is set). The MSR is guaranteed to return the 80h value

within 250

µsec after a hardware or software reset.

All other user addressable registers other than the Main

Status Register (MSR) and Data Register (FIFO) can be ac-

cessed at any time, even during software reset.

3.3

THE REGISTERS OF THE FDC

The FDC registers are mapped to the offset address shown

in TABLE 3-1 on page 38, with the base address range pro-

vided by the on-chip address decoder. For PC-AT or PS/2

applications, the offset address range of the diskette con-

troller is 00h through 07h from the index of logical device 0.

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