Datasheet

ZADCS1082/1042/1022 Family

Copyright © 2008, ZMD AG, Rev. 1.1

All rights reserved. The material contained herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The

Information furnished in this publication is preliminary and subject to changes without notice.

13/20

SW

IN

ACQ

S

R

C

7

t

R

-

´

£

2.41kΩ

kΩ

3

20pF

7

758ns

=

-

´

£

If the output impedance of the source is higher than the

Another option is to add a capacitor of >20 nF to the

individual input. Although this limits the bandwidth of the

input signal because an RC low pass filter is build to-

gether with the source impedance, it may be useful for

certain applications.

The small-signal bandwidth of the input tracking circuitry

is 3.8 MHz. Hence it is possible to digitize high-speed

transient events and periodic signals with frequencies

exceeding the ADC’s sampling rate. This allows the ap-

plication of certain under-sampling techniques like down

conversion of modulated high frequency signals.

Be aware that under-sampling techniques still require a

bandwidth limitation of the input signal to less than the

Nyquist frequency of the converter to avoid aliasing ef-

fects. Also, the output impedance of the input source

must be very low to achieve the mentioned small signal

bandwidth in the overall system.

2.3

Internal & External Reference

ZADCS10x2V family members are equipped with a highly

accurate internal 2.5V reference voltage source. The

voltage is generated from a trimmed 1.25V bandgap with

an internal buffer that is set to a gain of 2.00. The band-

gap voltage is supplied at VREFADJ with an output im-

pedance of 20kΩ. An external capacitor of 47nF at

VREFADJ is useful to further decrease noise on the in-

ternal reference.

The VREFADJ pin also provides an opportunity to exter-

nally adjust the bandgap voltage in a limited range (see

Figure 10) as well as the possibility to overdrive the inter-

nal bandgap with an external 1.25V reference.

The internal bandgap reference and the VREF buffer can

be shut down completely by setting VREFADJ to VDD.

This reduces power consumption of the ZADCS10x2V

devices and allows the supply of an external reference at

VREF.

Basic ZADCS10x2 devices do not contain the internal

bandgap or the VREF buffer. An external reference must

be supplied all the time at VREF.

The value of the reference voltage at VREF sets the input

range of the converter and the analog voltage weight of

each digital code. The size of the LSB (least significant

bit) is equal to the value of VREF (reference to AGND)

divided by 1024. For example at a reference voltage of

2.500V, the voltage level of a LSB is equal to 2.441mV.

It is important to know that certain inherent errors in the

A/D converter, like offset or gain error, will appear to

increase at lower reference voltages while the actual

performance of the device does not change. For instance

a static offset error of 2.441mV is equal to 1 LSB at 2.5V

reference, while it is equivalent to 2.5 LSB for a reference

voltage of 1.0V

Likewise, the uncertainty of the digitized output code will

increase with lower LSB size (lower VREF). Once the

size of an LSB is below the internal noise level, the output

code will start to vary around a mean value for constant

DC input voltages. Such noise can be reduced by averag-

ing consecutive conversions or applying a digital filter.

The average current consumption at VREF depends on

the value of VREF and the sampling frequency. Two

effects contribute to the current at VREF, a resistive con-

nection from VREF to AGND and charge currents that

result from the switching and recharging of the capacitor

array (CDAC) during sampling and conversion.

For an external reference of 2.5V the input current at

VREF is approximately 100µA.

2.4

Digital Interface

All devices out of the ZADCS10x2 family are controlled

by a 4-wire serial interface that is compatible to SPI™,

QSPI™ and

MICROWIRE™ devices without external

logic.

Any conversion is started by sending a control byte into

DIN while nCS is low. A typical sequence is shown in

Figure 11.

The control byte defines the input channel(s), unipolar or

bipolar operation and output coding, single-ended or

differential input configuration, external or internal con-

version clock and the kind of power down that is activated

after the completion of a conversion. A detailed descrip-

tion of the control bits can be obtained from Table 7.

As it can also be seen in Figure 11 the acquisition of the

input signal occurs at the end of the control byte for 2.5

clock cycles. Outside this range, the Track & Hold is in

hold mode.

The conversion process is started, with the falling clock

edge (SCLK) of the eighth bit in the control byte. It takes

twelve clock cycles to complete the conversion and one

additional cycle to shift out the last bit of the conversion

result. During the remaining five clock cycles the output is

filled with zeros in 24-Clock Conversion Mode.

Depending on what clock mode was selected, either the

external SPI clock or an internal clock is used to drive the

successive approximation. Figure 12 shows the Timing

for Internal Clock Mode.

VREFADJ

ZADCS10x2V

510kΩ

VDD = +2.7V … +5.25V

Figure 10: Reference Adjust Circuit

47nF