SC4539EVB datasheet(10/14 Pages) SEMTECH

10 / 14 page

Applications Information

SC4539

General Description

The SC4539 contains an 800kHz fixed-frequency current-

mode boost converter and an independent LED current

regulator. The LED current set point is chosen using an

external resistor, while the PWM controller operates inde-

pendently to keep the current in regulation. The SC4539

receives information from the internal LED current regu-

lator and drives the output to the proper voltage with no

user intervention.

The current flowing through the LED string is indepen-

dently controlled by an internal current regulator, unlike

the ballasting resistor scheme that many LED current

regulators use. The internal current regulator can be shut

off entirely without leaking current from a charged

output capacitor or causing false-lighting with low LED

count and high V

. The backlight current (I

) is pro-

grammed using an external resistor.

The path from the EN pin to the output control is a high

bandwidth control loop. This feature allows the PWM

dimming frequency to range between 100Hz and 50kHz.

In shutdown mode, leakage through the current regula-

tor output is less than 1μA. This keeps the output

capacitor charged and ready for instant activation of the

LED string.

The 800kHz switching speed provides high output power

while allowing the use of a low profile inductor, maximiz-

ing efficiency for space constrained and cost-sensitive

applications. The converter and output capacitor are

protected from open-LED conditions by over-voltage

protection.

PWM Dimming

The enable pin can be toggled to allow PWM dimming. In

a typical application, a microcontroller sets a register or

counter that varies the pulse width on a GPIO pin. The

device is compatible with a wide range of applications by

allowing dimming strategies that avoid the audio band

by using a frequency between 100Hz and 50kHz for PWM

dimming. Various intensity levels can be generated while

keeping the instantaneous LED current at its peak value

for luminescent efficiency and color purity. The SC4539

can accommodate any PWM duty cycle between 0 and

100%. A low duty cycle PWM signal used for a few milli-

seconds provides the additional advantage of reducing

in-rush current at start up.

The start-up delay time between the enable signal going

high and the activation of the internal current regulator

causes nonlinearity between the I

current and the duty

cycle of the PWM frequency seen by the EN pin. As the

PWM signal frequency increases, the total on time per

cycle of the PWM signal decreases. Since the start up

delay time remains constant, the effect of the delay

becomes more noticeable, causing the average I

to be

less predictable at lower duty cycles. Recommended

minimum duty cycles are 20% for 50kHz PWM frequency,

15% for 32kHz PWM frequency and 2% for 200Hz PWM

frequency. Refer to the I

vs. Duty Cycle in the Typical

Characteristics section for PWM performance across duty

cycle for different PWM frequencies.

Zero Duty Cycle Mode

Zero duty cycle mode is activated when the voltage on

the BL pin exceeds 1.3V. In this mode, the COMP pin

voltage is pulled low, suspending all switching. This allows

the V

OUT

and V

voltages to fall. The COMP voltage is held

low until the V

falls below 1V, allowing V

COMP

to return to

its normal operating voltage and switching to resume.

Protection Features

The SC4539 provides several protection features to safe-

guard the device from catastrophic failures. These features

include:

Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)

Soft-start

Thermal Shutdown

Current Limit

Over-Voltage Protection (OVP)

A built-in over-voltage protection circuit prevents damage

to the IC and output capacitor in the event of an open-

circuit condition. The output voltage of the boost

converter is detected at the OUT pin and divided inter-

nally. If the voltage at the OUT pin exceeds the OVP limit,

the boost converter is shut down and a strong pull down

is applied to the OUT pin to quickly discharge the output

capacitor. This additional level of protection prevents a

condition where the output capacitor and Schottky diode

•

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